The emerging and undeclared struggle for Ukraine's south-eastern Donbas region that erupted after the Russian annexation of Crimea was at once an insurgency, a proxy war and a direct Russian intervention. At first, it was a struggle largely between local insurgents and Russian volunteers on the one side, and local security forces and pro-government militias on the other. Over time, Ukrainian government forces assumed a growing role – and so too did Russian regulars. Over the next year, back-and-forth struggles continued as neither side was able to assert themselves until the conflict settled into an uneasy, bad-tempered and ultimately unstable stalemate.
